N-grams: using rules of probability to predict which letters will come next. In other words, based on what you type, I can figure out which letters will come next to finish the initial thought. Involving or serving as an aid to learning.
Bogost Discussion:
Procedurality is a way of creating, explaining, or understanding processes, and processes define the way things work: the methods, techniques and logics that surround the way society functions in all contexts. Rhetoric, according to Bogost, is the relationship between the audience and the presenter. It can also be seen as something the presenter uses. Paula says that anything that can convey meaning is considered rhetoric. She uses picking out a shirt as an example. Laura counters this by saying it's more an example of a symbol. She says that rhetoric implies one persuading or making an argument about something. You're staking a claim.
Procedural rhetoric is going to combine procedure and rhetoric: methods, techniques, or logics for persuading someone of something. With computers, using computation systems as a way of analyzing them and what they're doing. What Bogost is basically doing in thinking about procedural rhetoric in this way is called "software studies" or "code studies." This is the analysis of computational methods, techniques or procedures.
Procedures are usually hierarchical in that they go from the top down. You have to follow a procedure because you're underneath me and I'm telling you what to do.
Procedures are also related to ideology. Ideology is the way you look at the world. It's a lot like a worldview, only ideologies carry negative connotations with false consciousness. It has to do with the difference between what is real and what we perceive, and as soon as you set up that dichotomy, ideology becomes a bad thing because it clouds the truth from our perception.
Are we bound in one ideology? I don't think so, because it is very possible to seek out other opinions and information to add to your perception of truth.
Is procedure closer to ritual, just following recipes blindly without thinking? Procedure can often be defined as executing rules. Rules are not the same as laws (this is Laura talking, not Bogost). Therefore, even things like speaking a language can be a game, because you follow a set of rules, not laws, in order to function within the contextual framework of that language. Just because there are rules doesn't mean you can't create something incredibly original. However, laws do, by definition, limit what one can do. Rules can be altered and substituted based upon personal desire; laws cannot. What effect to rules have on us and how can we alter them?
Visual rhetoric: using pictures, movies with little dialogue to convey a meaning or argue a point/stake a claim. Seems to lack the capacity to be analytic. Languages lack deep textual analysis. Can evoke an instantaneous reaction. Not specifically saying anything, but still provokes emotions. Images can be traumatizing , however words can be as well.
Using pictures to make an argument (Cade Taylor, Jackie Beresford, Anna Romano):
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